The sensation of de qi is most closely related to nervous system. The direct feeling during acupuncture is de qi, an internal composite sensation of soreness, numbness, heaviness, distension and aching, and a radiating sensation at and around the acupoints. Effect of acupuncture on neuro–endocrine–immune network system Effect of acupuncture on nervous system
Pathologic picture with HE dyeing of muscle tissue at Zusanli in 6 h group after acupuncture. Therefore, we believe that as a traumatic stimulus, acupuncture also can activate the NEI network, producing regulating effect. 6 Thus, acupuncture can lead to certain trauma in the acupoints, which proves that acupuncture is a traumatic physical stimulation. Our study found that acupuncture needle could cause the muscle fibers fracture in the acupoint after inserting the needle into the acupoint, with a large number of red blood cells and fracture fragments in the muscle fiber gap and inflammatory cells infiltration ( Figures 1 and 2). Recent researches demonstrate that acupuncture is a traumatic physical stimulation. Acupuncture is a traumatic physical stimulation
#Endocrine system indicators skin#
And exogenous noxious stimuli to the skin can affect the NEI network through several pathways, 5 which provides beneficial evidences for the exogenous noxious stimuli activating the NEI network. Substantial evidence has shown that the skin is a neuroimmunoendocrine organ the body skin is rich in nervous, endocrine, immune tissues structurally, and closely associated with these three systems in function. Exogenous noxious stimulations affect the neuro–endocrine–immune network These molecules and receptors are called the common biological language of NEI network, 3 being responsible for information communication and transmission between the three systems. Hence, the common signaling molecules and their receptors constitute the molecular structural foundation of NEI network. 4 The cells in each system can secrete these signal molecules and at the same time the cells surface have the moleculars’ receptors. The polymerized nature refers that a cell can receive a variety of control signals from different systems.įurther researches indicates that nervous system, endocrine system and immune system share common signaling molecules and their affiliated receptors, including some neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, cytokines, hormones, etc. The divergent nature refers that an environmental change can cause regulatory reaction of multiple systems. 3 The dual directional nature refers that the regulation between two system is dual directional, and the regulation can be positive or negative.
NEI network has the characteristics of dual directional, divergent and polymerized nature. When in pathological conditions, the NEI network remodeled, playing a role of self-regulation, to make internal environment tend to stability. They coordinate with each other, forming a organic network, which is the biological basis to maintain the body’s homeostasis. The nervous system, endocrine system, immune system regulate and contact with each other. Overview of neuro–endocrine–immune networkīesedovsky and Sorkin 2 first put forward the concept of NEI network. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed the related researches about acupuncture’s effect on the NEI network, to find out the evidence of acupuncture modulating NEI network and provide some evidences for revealing the mechanism of acupuncture. Hence, we speculate that the regulatory effect of acupuncture might be achieved through its modulation of NEI network. 2 At present, some researches show acupuncture has a certain modulatory effect on NEI network. Modern scientific researches have showed that the body’s inherent regulatory system is neuro–endocrine–immune (NEI) network, including nervous system, endocrine system and immune system, which is the biological basis to maintain the body’s homeostasis. This determines that the basic way of acupuncture effect is regulating the body’s condition and has characteristics of whole regulation, dual directional regulation, etc. Thus, the effects of acupuncture are not directly produced by acupuncture stimulation, but are mediated by various regulatory systems in the body. As the mechanism of acupuncture remains unclear, its effect is often difficult to gain wide acceptance, restricting a wider range of application.Īs a nonspecific physical stimulation, acupuncture, unlike drugs, restores normal functions by motivating or inducing the inherent regulatory system in the body, not directly acting on the pathogen. At present, acupuncture has been a certain degree of application in the world. It plays a pivotal role of preventing and treating diseases in the thousands of years development of Chinese nation. Acupuncture is an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine that can be traced back to at least 2500 years ago.
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